Anytime you run into text that is surrounded by double percent signs, like %%VIEWS%%, means it is going to be replaced. For an example:
Views: %%VIEWS%%
Will end up looking something like below:
Views: 25
So, in that case you'll just want to translate "Views"
On the second part of your question, you just want to edit the strings themselves and leave the keys as they are. The statement you referred to is only for adding new custom strings for your site.