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28th Infantry Division WW2 INFO, FILES, REPORTS, BOOKS, NARRATIVE, HISTORY 2CDs
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28th Infantry Division WW2 INFO, FILES, REPORTS, BOOKS, NARRATIVE, HISTORY 2CDs
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Researching
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Top- Order of Battle - Map- Files - History- 109th Reg. - 110thReg. - 112th Reg. - Campaigns- Bottom
28th Infantry Regiment

History

110th Orderof Battle

109th InfantryRegiment
110th Infantry Regiment
112th Infantry Regiment

28th ReconnaissanceTroop (Mech.)
103d Engineer Combat Battalion
103d Medical Battalion
28th Division Artillery

107th FieldArtillery Battalion (105 Howitzer)
108th Field Artillery Battalion(155 Howitzer)
109th Field Artillery Battalion(105 Howitzer)
229th Field Artillery Battalion(105 Howitzer)

Special Troops

728th OrdnanceLight Maintenance Company
28th Quartermaster Company
28th Signal Company
Military Police Platoon
Headquarters Company
Band


Activated:17Feb 1941Overseas:8Oct 1943Returnedto U.S.:2Aug 1945Inactivated:13Dec 1945
Daysof Combat: 196Casualties:16,762
Commanders
Maj.Gen. Edward MartinFeb- Dec 1941Maj.Gen. J. Garsche OrdJan - May 1942Maj.Gen. Omar N. BradleyJun1942 - Jan 1943Maj.Gen. Lloyd D. BrownJan1943 - Jul 1944Maj.Gen. Norman D. CotaAug1944 to inactivation
Campaigns
Normandy 6 Jun - 24 Jul 44 NorthFrance 25 Jul - 14 Sep44 Rhineland 15Sep 44 - 21 Mar45 Ardennes-Alsace 16Dec 44 - 25 Jan45 CentralEurope 22Mar - 11 May 45
MedalsMedalof Honor1DistinguishedService Cross29DistinguishedService SoldiersMedal21BronzeStar Medal2,312AM100
Decorations
PresidentialUnit Citation
Streamer embroideredLUXEMBOURGFrench Croix deGuerre with Palm
Streamer embroideredCOLMARLuxembourg Croixde Guerre
Streamer Company(Scranton)
1st Battalion, additionallyentitled to
Meritorious UnitCommendation,
Streamer embroideredEUROPEAN THEATER
Medalof Honor

TechnicalSergeant FrancisJ. Clark
109th Infantry Regiment


Top- Order of Battle - Map- Files - History- 109th Reg. - 110thReg. - 112th Reg. - Campaigns- Bottom 1941 17Feb-The divisionwas activated at Camp Livingston,Louisiana. 1942 17Feb-The divisionwas reorganized and redesignatedas Headquarters, 28th InfantryDivision, the brigades were disbanded,and the 111th Infantry Regimentwas detached and reorganized asa separate regimental combat team,initially used to guard importantEastern Seaboard industrial facilities.19438Oct-The divisiontrained in the Carolinas, Virginia,Louisiana, Texas, and Floridaand went overseas on 8 October1943, arriving in South Wales.Having conducted specialized combattraining in everything from offensivemaneuvers in mountainous terrainto amphibious warfare, the Division'sintensive training agenda culminatedin its deployment to England.1944


22Jul-

After another10 months of training in Englandand Wales, the first elementsof the Division entered combaton July 22, 1944, landing onthe beaches of Normandy.

28Jul-From Normandy,the 28th advanced across westernFrance, finding itself in thethick of hedgerow fighting throughtowns such as Percy, Montbray,Montguoray, Gathemo and St. Severde Calvados by the end of July1944. 29Aug-

The 28th pushedeast towards Paris. In littlemore than a month after landingat the Normandy beachhead, themen of the 28th entered Parisand were given the honor ofmarching down the Champs-Elyséeson 29 August 1944 in the hastilyarranged Liberation of Paris.

The advancecontinued through the Forestof Compeigne, La Fere, St. Quentin,Laon, Rethel, Sedan, Mezieres,Bouillon and eventually acrossthe Meuse River into Belgium.The Keystone soldiers averaged17 miles a day against the resistanceof German "battle groups."The city of Arlon, Belgium,fell to a task force as theDivision fanned out into Luxembourgin early September.

11Sep-A small nightpatrol of the 109th Infantry Regimentbegan the division's protractedstruggle on the Siegfried Lineon the Dragon's teeth fortificationinfested Westwall. The patrolcrossed the Our River by bridgefrom Weiswampach, Luxembourg intoSevenig, Germany, making it thefirst of the Allied armies toreach German soil. 12Sep-The 109th beganhammering at the Siegfried Line,destroying pillboxes and otherfortifications.1Oct-The 109th movednorth to Elsenborn, then returnedon the 6th for patrols and rotationof troops. 2Nov-Attacks in theforest began November 2, 1944.The 28th Infantry Division stormedinto Vossenack, Kommerscheidtand Schmidt amid savage fightingand heavy losses. 10Nov-

The 28th beganto move south, where it helda 25-mile sector of the frontline along the Our River.

19Nov-The Divisionmoved south to hold a 25-milesector along the Our River inLuxembourg. 31Nov-A tenuous linealong the Our and Sauer Riverswas held at the end of November,16Dec-Two Panzer divisions,three infantry divisions and oneparachute division, including352nd Infantry Division and the5th Parachute Division, in aninfantry-tank attack on the "RidgeRoad" just west of the OurRiver.16Dec-The Rundstedtoffensive was launched in Belgiumalong the entire Division front.22Dec-The 28th foughtin place using all available personneland threw off the enemy timetablebefore withdrawing to Neufchâteauon 22 December for reorganization,as its units had been badly mauled.1945Jan-By January 1945,Division soldiers had moved southwhere they served with the FrenchFirst Army in the reduction ofthe "Colmar Pocket."The 109th Infantry Regiment wasawarded the French Croix de Guerrefor its action which helped leadto the liberation of Colmar, thelast major French city in Germanhands. 2Jan- The Divisionmoved to a defensive positionalong the Meuse River from Givetto Verdun on, then to a patrolof the Vosges Mountains on 17February.1Feb- From 1 to 5 February,the division participated in thereduction of the Colmar Pocket.6Feb- The divisioncrossed the Rhône–Rhine Canal.23Feb- The Divisionreturned north to the AmericanFirst Army. 6Mar- The 28th wasin position along the Olef Riverwhen an attack was launched onMarch 6, 1945, carrying the Divisionto the Ahr River. Schleiden, Germund,Kall, Sotenich, Sistig and Blankenheimall fell in a raid advance. 6Mar- After an attacktoward the Ahr River, the 28thengaged in training, rehabilitation,and holding defensive positions.7Apr- Beginning on7 April the division performedoccupation duties at Juelich andKaiserslautern until it left France.Apr-By early April,the Division moved west of theRhine and took up occupation dutiesin the area north of Aachen alongthe Holland-German border. Permanentoccupation came two weeks laterat the Saurland and Rhonish areas.Jul-In early July1945, the 28th began its redeploymentto the U.S. The Division was deactivated. Top- Order of Battle - Map- Files - History- 109th Reg. - 110thReg. - 112th Reg. - Campaigns- Bottom
28thInfantry Division
in World War II
CD1
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12 - 17 Sep 4428th Infantry Division
112th Infantry Regiment

TechnicalSergeant Francis J. ClarkMedal of HonorCD 1
1 Page - PDF1 - 30 Nov 4428th Infantry Division
110th Infantry RegimentUnit 1
7 Pages - PDF2 Nov 4428th Infantry Division
893rd Tank Destroyer Battalion
Company A
.
Vossenack,
GermanyCD 1
42 Pages - PDF2 - 17 Nov 4428th Infantry Division
112th Infantry Regiment
Battle for
Schmidt, GermanyCD 2
225 Pages - PDF3 Nov 4428th Infantry Division
112th Infantry Regiment
3rd BattalionDefense of
Schmidt, GermanyCD 1
6 Pages - PDF3 Nov 4428th Infantry Division
112th Infantry Regiment
Strategic Defense Inhabited LocalitiesCD 1
36 Pages - PDF16 Dec 4428th Infantry Division
110th Infantry Regiment
1st 1
21 Pages - PDF16 Dec 44The Siege
of 1
364 Pages - PDF 18 Dec 44 - 29 Apr 4528th Infantry Division
110th Infantry Regiment
Company KAccounts of the
Movement and Treatment of
American POWs
by Germans.
CD 1
8 Pages - PDF28 Jan 4528th Infantry DivisionWestern Front
News StoryCD 1
4 Pages - PDF

28th Infantry DivisionConneticut Men
of the 1
19 Pages - PDF

6 Jun - 24 Jul 44 Normandy
CampaignCD 1
51 Pages - PDF

1 Jul - 11 Sep 44Breakout
and PursuitCD 1
771 Pages - PDF

25 Jul - 14 Sep 44Northern France
Campaign CD 1
32 Pages - PDF

Aug 44 - Mar 45Riviera
To The RhineCD 1
630 Pages - PDF11 Sep - 16 Dec 44Siegfried Line
CD 1
697 Pages - PDF15 Sep 44 - 21 Mar 45Rhineland
Campaign CD 1
36 Pages - PDF16 Dec 44 - 25 Jan 45 1
56 Pages - PDF

World War II
Situation Maps
Europe
CD 1
83 Pages - PDF

Thefiles below are found on CD 216 Dec 44 - 3 Jan 45The Ardennes:
Battle of the BulgeCD 2
749 Pages - PDF 3 Jan - May 45Last Offensive
CD 2
555 Pages - PDF22 Mar - 11 May 45Central Europe
Campaign CD 2
36 Pages - PDF Dec 44 - Jan 45Dark DecemberBattle of the
Bulge BookCD 2
257 Pages - PDF RegimentCD 2
1 Page - PDFLong Road
To VictoryCD 2
20 Pages - PDF US Air Force
Combat Chronology
1941-45
CD 2
743 Pages - PDF"Fighting Divisions"Army
Divisions HistoryCD 2
241 Pages - PDFSupreme CommandEuropean
Theater Operations CD 2
631 Pages - PDFBrief History
of World War IICD 2
55 Pages - PDFAPOsArmy Postal Listings CD 2
149 Pages - PDFForm SF180
Records RequestRequest for
Personnel Records
CD 2
3 Pages - PDFResearch GuideNational Archives
Finding Information of
Personal Participation
in World War II GuideCD 2
5 Pages - PDFMines - Booby Traps
Identification GuideCD 2
42 Pages - PDF Aircraft
Nose ArtCD 2
34 Pages - PDF

Aircraft
Recognition GuideCD 2
17 Pages - PDF

Aircraft
Insignia Poster
CD 2
1 Page - PDF

US
World War II
PostersCD 2
250 Pages - PDF

German
World War II
PostersCD 2
75 Pages - PDFRank
Insignia of Grade
CD 2
1 Page - PDFShoulder 2
19 Pages - PDF ChartEnlisted Men's
Uniform Insignias
CD 2
1 Page - PDFSong LyricsArmy
HIT KIT
of Popular SongsCD 2
6 Pages - PDFComic Book
Covers
CD 2
8 Pages - PDF Top- Order of Battle - Map- Files - History- 109th Reg. - 110thReg. - 112th Reg. - Campaigns- Bottom
28th Infantry DivisionHistory

The division was activated on 17February 1941 at Camp Livingston,Louisiana. Lineage data gives thesame date, but as the date the HHD28th Division, was inducted intofederal service 17 February 1941at Harrisburg and Philadelphia.

It was reorganized and redesignatedon 17 February 1942 as Headquarters,28th Infantry Division. That samemonth the division was reorganized,the brigades were disbanded, andthe 111th Infantry Regiment wasdetached and reorganized as a separateregimental combat team, initiallyused to guard important EasternSeaboard industrial facilities.

The division trained in the Carolinas,Virginia, Louisiana, Texas, andFlorida. It went overseas on 8 October1943, arriving in South Wales.

Havingconducted specialized combat trainingin everything from offensive maneuversin mountainous terrain to amphibiouswarfare, the Division's intensivetraining agenda culminated in itsdeployment to England. After another10 months of training in Englandand Wales, the first elements ofthe Division entered combat on July22, 1944, landing on the beachesof Normandy.

The 28th InfantryDivision after training in England,landed in Normandy, France, 22 July1944.

From Normandy, the 28th advancedacross western France, finding itselfin the thick of hedgerow fightingthrough towns such as Percy, Montbray,Montguoray, Gathemo and St. Severde Calvados by the end of July 1944.

The 28th pushed east towards Paristhrough the bloating corpse strewnstench of the Bocage along roadsstrewn with abandoned tanks. Inlittle more than a month after landingat the Normandy beachhead, the menof the 28th entered Paris and weregiven the honor of marching downthe Champs-Elysées on 29August 1944 in the hastily arrangedLiberation of Paris.

The furyof assaults launched by the 28thInfantry Division led the GermanArmy to bestow the Keystone soldierswith the title "Bloody Bucket"Division. In a movement north towardthe Seine in late August, the Divisionsucceeded in trapping the remnantof the German 7th Army through Vorneuil,Breteuil, Damville, Conches, LeNeubourg and Elbeuf before enteringParis to join in its liberation.

The famous photographof American troops before the Arcde Triomphe, marching in battleparade down the Champs Elysees,shows the men of 1st Battalion,110th Infantry Regiment, 28th InfantryDivision. With no time to rest,the Division moved on to fight someof the most bloody battles of theWar the day following the parade.

The advance continuedthrough the Forest of Compeigne,La Fere, St. Quentin, Laon, Rethel,Sedan, Mezieres, Bouillon and eventuallyacross the Meuse River into Belgium.The Keystone soldiers averaged 17miles a day against the resistanceof German "battle groups."The city of Arlon, Belgium, fellto a task force as the Divisionfanned out into Luxembourg in earlySeptember.

On September 11,1944, the 28th a small night patrolof the 109th Infantry Regiment beganthe division's protracted struggleon the Siegfried Line on the Dragon'steeth fortification infested Westwall.The patrol crossed the Our Riverby bridge from Weiswampach, Luxembourginto Sevenig, Germany, making itthe first of the Allied armies toreach German soil.

It began hammeringat the Siegfried Line, 12 September,destroying pillboxes and other fortifications,moved north to Elsenborn, 1 October,then returned on the 6th for patrolsand rotation of troops. The 28thsmashed into the Hurtgen Forest,2 November 1944, and in the savageseesaw battle which followed, Vossenackand Schmidt changed hands severaltimes.

After hammeringaway in assaults which destroyedor captured 153 pillboxes and bunkers,the Division moved north towardthe Siegfried Line, clearing theMonschau Forest of German forces.

The 28th suffered excessive casualtiesthat autumn in the costly and ill-conceivedBattle of the Hurtgen Forest inlate in late September.

After a brief respite, the Keystonesoldiers made another move northwardto the Huertgen Forest. Five Axisdivisions stormed across the Our Riverthe first day, followed by four morein the next few day.

Attacks in the forest began November2, 1944. The 28th Infantry Divisionstormed into Vossenack, Kommerscheidtand Schmidt amid savage fightingand heavy losses. By November 10,the 28th began to move south, whereit held a 25-mile sector of thefront line along the Our River.It was against this thinly fortifieddivision line that the Germans unleashedthe full force of their winter Ardennes"blitzkreig" offensive.

On 19 November, the Division movedsouth to hold a 25-mile sector alongthe Our River in Luxembourg.

Overwhelmed by the weight of enemyarmor and personnel, the Divisionmaintained its defense of this sectorlong enough to throw Von Runstedt'sassault off schedule. With alliedforces able to a move in to counterattack,the "Battle of the Bulge"ensued, inflicting heavy losseson the enemy forces. Having sustaineda devastating 15,000 casualties,the 28th withdrew to refortify.But within three weeks, the Divisionwas back in action.

Finally, a tenuous line along theOur and Sauer Rivers was held atthe end of November, only to beabruptly broken by two Panzer divisions,three infantry divisions and oneparachute division, including 352ndInfantry Division and the 5th ParachuteDivision, in an infantry-tank attackon the "Ridge Road" justwest of the Our River on 16 December.

The Rundstedtoffensive was launched in Belgiumon 16 December along the entireDivision front. The 28th foughtin place using all available personneland threw off the enemy timetablebefore withdrawing to Neufchâteauon 22 December for reorganization,as its units had been badly mauled.

The Ardennes Offensivewas launched along the entire divisionalfront by the Fifth Panzer Army ledby General der Panzertruppe Hassovon Manteuffel. The 28th, whichhad sustained heavy casualties inthe First Army drive to the Roer,fought doggedly in place using allavailable personnel and threw offthe enemy timetable before withdrawingto Neufchâteau on 22 Decemberfor reorganization, as its unitshad been badly mauled.

By January 1945,Division soldiers had moved southwhere they served with the FrenchFirst Army in the reduction of the"Colmar Pocket." The 109thInfantry Regiment was awarded theFrench Croix de Guerre for its actionwhich helped lead to the liberationof Colmar, the last major Frenchcity in German hands.

The Division movedto a defensive position along theMeuse River from Givet to Verdunon 2 January 1945, then to a patrolof the Vosges Mountains on 17 February.From 1 to 5 February, it participatedin the reduction of the Colmar Pocket,headed for the Rhine and crossedthe Rhône–Rhine Canal on 6 February.

By February 23,1945, the Division returned northto the American First Army. The28th was in position along the OlefRiver when an attack was launchedon March 6, 1945, carrying the Divisionto the Ahr River. Schleiden, Germund,Kall, Sotenich, Sistig and Blankenheimall fell in a raid advance.

After an attacktoward the Ahr River on 6 March,the 28th engaged in training, rehabilitation,and holding defensive positions.Beginning on 7 April it performedoccupation duties at Juelich andKaiserslautern until it left France.

By early April,the Division moved west of the Rhineand took up occupation duties inthe area north of Aachen along theHolland-German border. Permanentoccupation came two weeks laterat the Saurland and Rhonish areas.

In early July 1945,the 28th began its redeploymentto the U.S. The Division was deactivatedon December 13, 1945.


Top- Order of Battle - Map- Files - History- 109th Reg. - 110thReg. - 112th Reg. - Campaigns- Bottom
109thInfantry
Regiment 109th Infantry RegimentHistory

The 109th Regimentserved across France and throughthe Hurtgen Forest of Germany;elements of the Regiment ledthe Division into the Rhinelandto become the first troops toinvade German soil since Napoleon.

The 109th Infantrywon battle honors at Normandy,Northern France, Ardennes-Alsace,the Rhineland and Central Europeand they were honored with theLuxemburg Croix de Guerre andthe French Croix de Guerre foraction at Colmar. Eddie Slovik,a member of this regiment wasthe only American soldier executedfor desertion in the 20th century.

The regimentwas federalized in 1941, atwhich time it became a RegimentalCombat Team and was sent toFrance to be tested on the bloodybattlefields of World War II.The men of the 109th battledacross France and through theHurtgen Forest of Germany; elementsof the Regiment led the Divisioninto the Rhineland to becomethe first troops to invade Germansoil since Napoleon.

The 109th Infantrypaid with human life and bloodas they won battle honors atNormandy, Northern France, Ardennes-Alsace,the Rhineland and Central Europeand they were honored with theLuxemburg Croix de Guerre andthe French Croix de Guerre foraction at Colmar.

The most noteworthyof the 109th Infantry's achievementsduring World War II came whilethe Regiment was resting inthe Ardennes sector — considereda quiet sector early in December,1944.

It was thenthat von Rundstedt launchedhis vicious, well planned Battleof the Bulge. The unsuspecting109th Infantry was hit by anentire Yolks Grenadier GuardDivision as well as elementsof a panzer division, parachutedivision and other crack Germanunits.

Although sufferinggreat losses, (so great werethe losses that the Divisionbecame known as the "BloodyBucket Division" by theGermans who saw so many of ourwounded troops wearing the redKeystone patch) in three daysof bitter fighting, the 109thInfantry completely destroyedthe 352d Yolks Grenadiers, atthe same time holding its owntactical unity.

Technical SergeantFrancis J. Clark of CompanyK, earned the Medal of Honorwhile serving with the 109thInfantry on 12 September 1944during the Siegfried Line Campaign.

The 109th hadblocked von Rundstedt in theNorth and doomed the Germanoffensive in the Ardennes. Whenthe tide of battle turned onChristmas Eve, the battle-weary109th soldiers attacked, threwthe enemy across the Sure River,and retook several towns onthe original front. Then startedthe drive into Germany and thefinal Allied push of World WarII.


Top- Order of Battle - Map- Files - History- 109th Reg. - 110thReg. - 112th Reg. - Campaigns- Bottom
110th Infantry
Regiment 110th Infantry RegimentHistory

The 110th InfantryRegiment, 28th Infantry Division,on 16 December 1944, held thecenter sector of the defensivezone of the division and VIIICorps in the Ardennes.

Here it layastride the main attack axisof the German LXVII Panzer Corpsof the Fifth Panzer Army headedto Bastogne, Belgium, and pointswest. Vastly outnumbered andoutgunned by the attacking Germanforce, the 110th Infantry putup one of the classic defensivestands in American militaryhistory.

The officersand men of the 110th Infantrybought the precious time neededfor the 101st Airborne Divisionto be trucked into the vitalcrossroads town of Bastogneand consolidate its defenseswith elements of the 9th and10th Armored Divisions and miscellaneousremnants of the 28th InfantryDivision and VIII Corps.

The 110th InfantryRegiment received a DistinguishedUnit Citation for its actionsfrom 16 through 23 December1944 during the German Ardennesoffensive.


Top- Order of Battle - Map- Files - History- 109th Reg. - 110thReg. - 112th Reg. - Campaigns- Bottom
112thInfantry
Regiment 112thInfantry Regiment History

Theregiment was called to activefederal service on 17 February1941, 10 months prior to the attackon Pearl Harbor.

After years oftraining, the unit first enteredthe continent of Europe on theNormandy beaches following theD-Day landing.

It became the112th Infantry Regimental CombatTeam which consisted of the 112thInfantry Regiment, the 229th FieldArtillery Battalion, the 103rdEngineer Battalion, Company C,447th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion,and Company C, 630th Tank DestroyerBattalion.

28th Divisioncommander James E. Wharton wasin his first day of command whena German sniper shot him whilehe was at the 112th Infantry'scommand post.

The regiment plowedthrough France and Germany, participatingin the capture of Paris and thebitter fighting in the HuertgenForest. During December 1944,the 112th Infantry RegimentalCombat Team was holding a 6-1/2mile long sector which the Germansattacked with nine Divisions.

The Combat Teaminflicted 1600 casualties anddestroyed eighteen tanks duringnine days of continuous action,that was later known as the Battleof the Bulge.

The regiment wasawarded battle streamers markedNormandy, Northern France, Ardennes-Alsace,Rhineland, and Central Europefor its service in World War II.The unit was also awarded theDistinguished Unit Citation forits actions during the Battleof the Bulge, from 16 to 24 December1944.

The unit was musteredout of federal service on 6 December1945 at Camp Gordon, Georgia.


Top- Order of Battle - Map- Files - History- 109th Reg. - 110thReg. - 112th Reg. - Campaigns- Bottom
28thInfantry
Division Campaignsof World War II Normandy 6 Jun - 24 Jul 44 NorthFrance 25 Jul - 14 Sep 44 Rhineland 15 Sep44 - 21 Mar 45 Ardennes-Alsace 16 Dec44 - 25 Jan 45 CentralEurope 22 Mar- 11 May 45.
Normandy
6 Jun - 24 Jul 44

A great invasionforce stood off the Normandy coastof France as dawn broke on 6 June1944: 9 battleships, 23 cruisers,104 destroyers, and 71 large landingcraft of various descriptionsas well as troop transports, minesweepers, and merchantmen—in all,nearly 5,000 ships of every type,the largest armada ever assembled.

The naval bombardmentthat began at 0550 that morningdetonated large minefields alongthe shoreline and destroyed anumber of the enemy’s defensivepositions. To one correspondent,reporting from the deck of thecruiser HMS Hillary, it soundedlike “the rhythmic beating ofa gigantic drum” all along thecoast.

In the hours followingthe bombardment, more than 100,000fighting men swept ashore to beginone of the epic assaults of history,a “mighty endeavor,” as PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt describedit to the American people, “topreserve. . . our civilizationand to set free a suffering humanity.”

NorthFrance
25 Jul - 14 Sep 44

As July 1944 enteredits final week, Allied forcesin Normandy faced, at least onthe surface, a most discouragingsituation. In the east, near Caen,the British and Canadians weremaking little progress againstfierce German resistance.

In the west, Americantroops were bogged down in theNorman hedgerows. These massive,square walls of earth, five feethigh and topped by hedges, hadbeen used by local farmers overthe centuries to divide theirfields and protect their cropsand cattle from strong ocean winds.

The Germans hadturned these embankments intofortresses, canalizing the Americanadvance into narrow channels,which were easily covered by antitankweapons and machine guns.

The stubborndefenders were also aided by someof the worst weather seen in Normandysince the turn of the century,as incessant downpours turnedcountry lanes into rivers of mud.

By 25 July, thesize of the Allied beachhead hadnot even come close to the dimensionsthat pre–D-day planners had anticipated,and the slow progress revivedfears in the Allied camp of areturn to the static warfare ofWorld War I.

Few would havebelieved that, in the space ofa month and a half, Allied armieswould stand triumphant at theGerman border.

Rhineland
15 Sep 44 - 21 Mar 45

The RhinelandCampaign, although costly forthe Allies, had clearly been ruinousfor the Germans. The Germans sufferedsome 300,000 casualties and lostvast amounts of irreplaceableequipment.

Hitler, havingdemanded the defense of all ofthe German homeland, enabled theAllies to destroy the Wehrmachtin the West between the SiegfriedLine and the Rhine River. Now,the Third Reich lay virtuallyprostrate before Eisenhower’smassed armies.

Ardennes- Alsace Campaign
16 Dec 44 - 25 Jan 45

In August 1944,while his armies were being destroyedin Normandy, Hitler secretly putin motion actions to build a largereserve force, forofferding itsuse to bolster Germany’s beleaguereddefenses. To provide the neededmanpower, he trimmed existingmilitary forces and conscriptedyouths, the unfit, and old menpreviously untouched for militaryservice during World War II.

In September Hitlernamed the port of Antwerp, Belgium,as the objective. Selecting theEifel region as a staging area,Hitler intended to mass twenty-fivedivisions for an attack throughthe thinly held Ardennes Forestarea of southern Belgium and Luxembourg.

Once the MeuseRiver was reached and crossed,these forces would swing northwestsome 60 miles to envelop the portof Antwerp. The maneuver was designedto sever the already stretchedAllied supply lines in the northand to encircle and destroy athird of the Allies’ ground forces.If successful, Hitler believedthat the offensive could smashthe Allied coalition, or at leastgreatly cripple its ground combatcapabilities, leaving him freeto focus on the Russians at hisback door.

CentralEurope Campaign
22 March - 11 May 1945

By the beginningof the Central Europe Campaignof World War II, Allied victoryin Europe was inevitable. Havinggambled his future ability todefend Germany on the Ardennesoffensive and lost, Hitler hadno real strength left to stopthe powerful Allied armies. YetHitler forced the Allies to fight,often bitterly, for final victory.

Even when thehopelessness of the German situationbecame obvious to his most loyalsubordinates, Hitler refused toadmit defeat. Only when Sovietartillery was falling around hisBerlin headquarters bunker didthe German Fuehrer begin to perceivethe final outcome of his megalomaniacalcrusade.


Top- Order of Battle - Map- Files - History- 109th Reg. - 110thReg. - 112th Reg. - Campaigns- Bottom
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