It has been a long time since I started from scratch. But first is if you have just started to use category. A forum must be assigned to a category to make the category appear. Then the chain reaction starts that you will need to assign all existing forums to categories.
Gizmos statement is a little global. Not only should you try clearing cache in the control panel but the browser as well. Both have been culprits for problem items such as yours.
So back to my input have you checked all file/folder permissions.
Also check your error logs. You may have something else going on.
Last edited by Ruben; 08/28/2009 4:28 PM. Reason: Added comment