What clued me in that something was wonky is that the breadcrumbs for that forum failed to output any text, so when viewing a thread in that forum it displays the breadcrumb as:
"SiteName > Forums > Category> > 'Thread Name'"
^ missing forum name
However, I just noticed that when at the forum level, it is even weirder:
"SiteName > Forums > Category> > 'Forum Name'"
^ forum name should be here, right?
I suspect that this is related to why it doesn't show in Control Panel under Content > Forums.
Other forums do not have this issue.